Point defects in ZnO crystals grown by various techniques

In the present work point defects in ZnO crystals were characterized by positron lifetime spectroscopy combined with back-diffusion measurement of slow positrons. Defects in ZnO crystals grown by various techniques were compared. Hydrothermally grown ZnO crystals contain defects characterized by lifetime of ≈181 ps. These defects were attributed to Zn vacancies associated with hydrogen. ZnO crystals prepared by other techniques (Bridgman, pressurized melt growth, and seeded chemical vapour transport) exhibit shorter lifetime of ≈165 ps. Positron back-diffusion studies revealed that hydrothermally grown ZnO crystals contain higher density of defects than the crystals grown by other techniques. The lowest concentration of defects was detected in the crystal grown by seeded chemical vapor transport.


Source:IOPscience

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Influence of Mn doping on CuGaS2 single crystals grown by CVT method and their characterization

1 and 2 mole% of Mn doped CuGaS2 (CGS) single crystals were grown by the chemical vapour transport (CVT) technique using iodine as the transporting agent. The analysis of the single crystal x-ray diffraction data suggests that the doping of 1 and 2 mole% Mn in the CGS single crystal does not affect the tetragonal (chalcopyrite) crystal structure. The optical absorption spectrum shows that the Mn ion induces a very strong absorption band in the UV–visible–near IR regions. The values of the crystal parameter (Dq) and the Racah parameter (B) calculated from the absorption spectra show d electron delocalization in the host crystal CGS. Room temperature photoluminescence spectra of undoped CGS only exhibited a band–band emission. But 1 and 2 mole% Mn doped CGS single crystals show two distinct CGS and Mn2+ related emissions, both of which are excited via the CGS host lattice. Raman spectra of 1 and 2 mole% Mn doped CGS single crystals exhibit a high intensity peak of the A1 mode at 310 cm−1 and 300 cm−1, respectively. EDAX, optical absorption and Raman spectrum studies reveal that Mn2+ ions are substituted in the Ga3+ ions and incorporated into the CGS lattice. The magnetization of Mn doped CGS single crystals was measured as a function of the magnetic field and temperature. Paramagnetic behaviour typical of spin S = 5/2 expected for Mn2+ (d5) magnetic centres was observed in the temperature range 2 K < T < 300 K. In Mn doping, the increase in bulk conductivity of the Mn doped CGS single crystals at room temperature indicates an increase in the hole concentration.

Source:IOPscience

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Growth of square Si single bulk crystals with large side-face widths using noncontact crucible method

The noncontact crucible method was used to prepare square Si single bulk crystals. The size of the square part of the ingots was determined by the side-face width of the four-cornered pattern that appeared on the top surface. We obtained square Si single crystals with sizes of 9.4 × 9.7 and 10.9 × 11.0 cm2 that had no fan-shaped {110} faces and had diagonal lengths of up to 91% of the crucible diameter. To obtain large square Si single bulk crystals with a large side-face width using the present method, the importance of establishing a larger low-temperature region in the Si melt while maintaining a smaller initial temperature reduction was considered.

Source:IOPscience

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